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弦歌而行：浙江大学信息与电子工程学院60周年院史文集》",[503,521,522],{},"采访日期：2016年暑期",[503,524,525],{},"采访人：2013级电子科学与技术专业本科生 马涵之",[503,527,528],{},[498,529,530],{},"正文：",[503,532,533,534,536],{},"得益于学院的对外交流项目，我和丁力等三位同学在2016年暑期来到美国密苏里科技大学进行科研交流。在学院老师的荐引下，我们三位同学有幸前往加州拜访",[498,535,500],{},"校友，并与其进行了长达三个小时的轻松交谈。段校友很热情，不把我们当外人，我们就海阔天空地随意提问，想办法多角度地了解段校友在大学期间的点滴往事和人生感悟。段校友对我们这些小师妹小师弟不设防，认真回答我们提出的问题，让人很是感动。采访之后，我们以“问和答\"的形式仔细地整理出了采访稿，以尽可能地反映当时的采访原貌，原汁原味地表现段校友的情怀和智慧。",[503,538,539],{},[498,540,541],{},"问：当初您为什么选择到浙大就读？",[503,543,544],{},"**大道：**我是江西人，浙大离江西比较近。当时高考是考前就填志愿的，我其实不知道填哪儿好，也不知道别人水平怎么样，自己考成什么样。那时刚刚恢复高考，1977年和1978 年我都考了，77年没考上，1978年就继续考，中间隔了半年。北大、清华在江西省招的专业我不喜欢，北大只招地球物理专业，清华招水利专业，这两个专业我都没有填。我看到浙大有无线电电子工程学系，好像很时髦，就报了，报的时候也没有报专业，专业是进去以后分的，电子物理技术听起来就挺神秘的，我就选这个专业了。",[503,546,547],{},[498,548,549],{},"问：你们上大学时有什么课？您特别喜欢哪门课？",[503,551,552],{},"**大道：**课蛮多的。大一学基础课，有高等数学、普通物理、普通化学、政治、英语，还有体育课、金工实习等。大二开始就有一些专业性较强的课，比如电磁场、电子线路，还有复变函数、数理方程、概率论、数理统计等数学课程。大三后专业课较多，如微波电子学、真空。真空其实蛮高科技的，你要把一个东西抽成真空的，就要用到非常多的科技手段，比如把壁上的气泡给赶出来，就要用到非常多的原理。最简单的例子是灯泡，灯泡里面必须真空，要是里面有氧气的话，灯丝马上烧断了。再复杂一点，就是真空度高的问题，里面真空度高了，那外面压强就大了，抽成真空还是难的，这与我们的专业紧密相关，比如高能粒子加速器里面肯定要真空的，要是里面都是分子，粒子怎么穿得过去啊，所以必须抽空，剩下百分之几的空气，你不可能百分之百的抽光，总会有这样那样的东西在里面。半导体里面有很多这样的东西，线路板里面有很多都要搞真空的。这么多年了，详细的也记不太清了，粗略的、概念的内容还是清楚的。",[503,554,555],{},"谈不上有什么特别喜欢的课，但老师讲课讲得挺好的印象较深的是教复变函数和数理方程的老师，但这个老师后来被调到复旦大学了。这个专业不是我特别想搞的东西，所以后来也没有再考这方面的研究生。",[503,557,558],{},"每个人喜欢的东西不一样。研究生我是去中国人民大学读的，读的是经济学，后来从事的行业也都跟经济有关，当然，跟电子也有关系，做电子产品的研发和销售，比如我现在还做手机。我们的手机卖得蛮好，在国内所占的份额应该算是梃厉害的。但是我们不追求这个，这是一个自然的结果。我不关心别人的份额是多少，但是，我们的份额我是知道的。我们不公布具体的数据，因为我们不是上市公司，不强制我们公布。",[503,560,561],{},[498,562,563],{},"问：您对哪些老师印象最深刻？",[503,565,566,567,513,570,573,574,513,577,580],{},"**大道：**当时给我们上专业课的老师现在不一定还在上课，大部分老师退休了。跟我比较熟悉的是黄恭宽老师，他肯定不给你们上课了，当然别的老师对学生也蛮好。黄老师给我的印象最深，因为黄老师教的东西对我成长有益，他不是简单地教课本内容，而是经常讲些道理。记得有一次做实验，需要用力拧，我想要拧得更紧一些，结果弹簧被拧出来了。",[498,568,569],{},"黄老师说做事要留有余地啊",[498,571,572],{},"说我最后为了一点好处就冒了这么大的风险","。因为装回去很难，需要费好大劲才装得回去，所以要留一点点余地，用劲到95％就可了，不用追求100%的好处，否则到最后你会失去更多。",[498,575,576],{},"不是所有的事情都要竭尽全力",[498,578,579],{},"最好都留一点余地","。",[503,582,583],{},"所有老师都是很好的，那个时候老师跟同学的关系挺紧密的。跟我们打交道比较多的是周建华老师，他那时候做我们的辅导员，现在已退休。他负责过紫金港新校区的建设，我跟他也比较熟，最近他身体不太好，我挺牵挂他！",[503,585,586],{},[498,587,588],{},"问：您是怎么安排学习的？您当时的兴趣爱好是什么？",[503,590,591],{},"**大道：**我没有刻意安排学习，反正该上课就上课，该考试就考试。我平常交作业会比较晚，所以平时分比较低，但是到考试的时候较认真，会突击复习一段时间。那时学风好，不太会有人想作弊。",[503,593,594],{},"那个年代的大学生没有太多的兴趣，不像现在，玩的东西多，还有网络。那个时候只能下下围棋，打打桥牌。打桥牌是我在学校里学的，围棋自己本来就会一点，但是下得也不好。我下围棋也不是很花工夫，可能也就业余初段，顶多业余二段。那个时候能玩的东西确实不多，看个电视还要跑到主楼的大教室里，要走10多分钟，主要看个球类比赛，如男排、女排、男足。看男足最关心的是男足冲出亚洲，他们冲不出去啊，现在也很难冲出去。那个时候我们的活动和娱乐确实比较少。",[503,596,597],{},[498,598,599],{},"问：你们组织过什么活动？",[503,601,602],{},"**大道：**我参加的比较少。我原来是1978级的，上了半年学，因为身体的原因就回家了，休学了一年，到了1979年复学。到新班级同学就不熟了，差半年感觉就差好多，虽然大家对我很好，我也喜欢新班级，但一直都觉得自己像个局外人一样，所以参加活动也不太多。毕业实习的时候，我去南京实习。从南京回浙大那一路，我是玩回来的，无锡啊，苏州啊，上海啊，感觉像是旅游过了。那个时候绝对算穷游了，我回学校的时候身上大概只剩一毛钱了。",[503,604,605],{},"那个时候一毛钱还能干点事，按当时物价，一个月的消费估计是七八块钱，10块钱左右就勉强能过了。20块钱的生活费绝对是很宽裕了，大家都没钱，当然也就不会出去玩了。",[503,607,608],{},[498,609,610],{},"问：那时大家比较关注什么？",[503,612,613],{},"**大道：**不太记得了。关注考试？好像也不是那么关注，不到考试我都不着急。我有个毛病，上课有时会睡觉，所以成绩也就中等。我们班30个人，我成绩大概排在十七八名，既不在前10名，也不在后10名。比较幸运，考试成绩还可以，一到最后几个礼拜，只要我努努力，还是挺好的。我没挂过科(考试不及格)，只要努力就不应该挂科。如果我努努力，也能考90多分。",[503,615,616],{},"我记得学校、系里有足球比赛。我不知道现在还有没有比赛，当时是有的。当时我们班在系里还拿过冠军，,我还当过守门，也不太会，反正球来了就接呗。",[503,618,619],{},[498,620,621],{},"问：如何给自己设定人生目标？你在大学时的人生感悟是什么？",[503,623,624],{},"**大道：**我们上大学的时候，头两年可能认为上大学就是人生的终极目标，上了大学就是天之骄子了，所以进了学校好像突然就一下子茫然了，忙半天也不知道自己在忙啥，发现学的东西也不太感兴趣，觉得不好玩也不开心。",[503,626,627,628,513,631,634,635,513,638,513,641,513,644,580,647,513,650,513,653,580],{},"大概到了大三，",[498,629,630],{},"有一天我突然悟到",[498,632,633],{},"乐趣是在过程中的","。因为我高考的经历比较特殊，我是往届生，在准备迎考的过程中一直很努力，有个目标在那里，就一直往前走，每天非常充实。等考上大学拿到录取通知书了，在我们那个小地方也算是高考状元了，过400分的人就我一个。听到有人在说：“啊！有个人考了400多分呢。” 我心里很得意啊。到了学校以后，突然发现失去了目标，就没有乐趣了。",[498,636,637],{},"后来悟到",[498,639,640],{},"人生的乐趣就是在过程当中",[498,642,643],{},"需要自己不断地设定目标",[498,645,646],{},"而不只是达到某个目标",[498,648,649],{},"达到某个目标以后",[498,651,652],{},"就要设定新的目标",[498,654,655],{},"才会找到乐趣",[503,657,658],{},"为什么很多人喜欢玩游戏？游戏容易有目标，达到目标之后马上又有新的目标，所以有个过程。在现实生活当中，这样一个过程是很必要的，比如考硕士、博士，这都不是终极目标，但是这个过程你都可以享受。而且你达到这个目标以后，得马上再有下一个目标，当然需要是你自己喜欢的目标，如果你不喜欢就要避开。如果把考研作为终极目标的话就不合适了。",[503,660,661],{},"我自己有过这方面的体验。大学毕业的时候我要考研，在学校里复习了一个暑假，过得很辛苦、很不容易。报名的时候，教室里满墙贴着各个学校的招生简章、专业介绍（那个时候还没有电脑)，我在那里看了三天，一个一个地看，就没有任何一个专业是我想考的。",[503,663,664,513,667,513,670,513,673,513,676,580,679,513,682,513,685,580],{},[498,665,666],{},"可能是我想得比较长远：专业与职业相连",[498,668,669],{},"不能是某个专业考上就行了",[498,671,672],{},"如果这个东西不是以后想干的东西",[498,674,675],{},"那考进去之后该怎么办？所以呢",[498,677,678],{},"三天以后我就放弃考研了",[498,680,681],{},"很多人就奇怪：怎么复习了这么久",[498,683,684],{},"复习得这么辛苦",[498,686,687],{},"你咋又不考了？是因为我没有想考的专业啊",[503,689,690,691,513,694,697],{},"毕业的时候，很多人问我将来的打算是什么，我说：“如果你们哪天听见我又考研究生了，你也就不用问我混得怎样了，肯定是混得不好，表明我不喜欢所处的环境，所以只能选择继续考研。”后来我确实考研了。因为，我毕业被分配到北京后，不满意所在的工作环境，就考了人大的研究生，彻底换了个方向和行业，我不搞技术了。我不是说搞技术有什么不好，",[498,692,693],{},"只是每个人喜欢的东西确实不一样",[498,695,696],{},"我觉得技术激发不了自己的兴趣","。这算是我在人生过程中学到的一个东西：乐趣是在过程当中的。",[503,699,700,701,703,705,707],{},"还有一个感悟我觉得蛮重要的。大三的时候，也不知道是我在哪看到，还是谁说的一句话，叫作**“",[510,702,15],{"href":512},[498,704,513],{},[510,706,19],{"href":516},"”**。",[503,709,710,513,713,513,716,580,721,513,724,513,727,580,730,513,739,513,742,513,745,580,748,513,751,580,754,513,759,580,765,580],{},[498,711,712],{},"人总是会犯错的",[498,714,715],{},"但很多人不知道什么是对的事情",[498,717,718,719],{},"什么是",[510,720,19],{"href":516},[498,722,723],{},"你要坚持什么？错的事情一定不能坚持",[498,725,726],{},"必须改；对的事情",[498,728,729],{},"要坚持",[498,731,732,733,735,736,738],{},"坚持的意思就是你在",[510,734,15],{"href":512},",在",[510,737,19],{"href":516},"的过程当中",[498,740,741],{},"你会犯很多错误",[498,743,744],{},"会吃很多亏",[498,746,747],{},"这也是一个学习的过程",[498,749,750],{},"然后呢",[498,752,753],{},"你要去坚持",[498,755,756,757],{},"因为如果想要",[510,758,15],{"href":512},[498,760,761,762,764],{},"你就要接受在",[510,763,15],{"href":512},"的过程中有可能会犯错误",[498,766,767],{},"这个感悟对我一生影响非常大",[503,769,770],{},"我曾受浙大校方邀请，为毕业生做过毕业典礼演讲，当时是在大操场上，学生乱哄哄的，给我印象特别不好，但我还是说了三点：",[503,772,773,513,778],{},[498,774,775,776],{},"第一点就是",[510,777,15],{"href":512},[498,779,780,782],{},[510,781,19],{"href":516},"；",[503,784,785,513,788],{},[498,786,787],{},"第二点是“胸无大志”",[498,789,790],{},"就是你要踏踏实实去做你喜欢的事情；",[503,792,793,513,800,806],{},[498,794,795,796,799],{},"还有一点是要做",[510,797,162],{"href":798},"\u002Fzhengzhi","的人",[498,801,802,803,805],{},"做",[510,804,162],{"href":798},"的人就是心里头比较坦荡","。整天耍小聪明，其实是很难受的。（你们这些还没有毕业的，可能是感受不到）。",[503,808,809,513,812,513,815,513,818,513,821,513,824,513,827,513,830,513,833,513,836,580,839,513,842,580,845,580,848,513,851,513,854,513,857,513,860,513,863,513,866,580,871,513,874,513,877,580],{},[498,810,811],{},"很多人一辈子自认为很聪明",[498,813,814],{},"不说一辈子了",[498,816,817],{},"就说半辈子吧",[498,819,820],{},"几十年来一直在挣扎",[498,822,823],{},"做每一个选择的时候看的都是眼前的利益",[498,825,826],{},"所以一直在来来回回兜圈子",[498,828,829],{},"没有长远的考虑",[498,831,832],{},"没有对错",[498,834,835],{},"没有是非",[498,837,838],{},"只有利益",[498,840,841],{},"几十年后",[498,843,844],{},"你会看见眼光差异带来的人的差异是非常巨大的",[498,846,847],{},"做企业也是一样",[498,849,850],{},"我觉得做任何事情",[498,852,853],{},"不管做哪个行业",[498,855,856],{},"当教授也好",[498,858,859],{},"做研究也好",[498,861,862],{},"搞技术也好",[498,864,865],{},"都是要看得很远",[498,867,868,869],{},"要选择",[510,870,15],{"href":512},[498,872,873],{},"如果是错的事情",[498,875,876],{},"要尽早发现",[498,878,879],{},"尽早结束",[503,881,882,883,513,886,580,889,513,892,513,895,580],{},"这是我在大学里面得到的一个很重要的体会。不是每个人都知道这个道理的。",[498,884,885],{},"很多人知道要坚持",[498,887,888],{},"坚持啥他就不知道了",[498,890,891],{},"要坚持就要容忍错误",[498,893,894],{},"什么样的错误可以容忍？做错的事情",[498,896,897],{},"它必然会带来错误的结果",[503,899,900,513,903,580,906,513,909,513,912,513,915,513,918,513,921,580,924,580,927,513,930,580,933,513,936,513,939,513,942,513,945,513,948,580],{},[498,901,902],{},"比方说企业",[498,904,905],{},"坑蒙拐骗是绝对不能做的事情",[498,907,908],{},"你想想",[498,910,911],{},"一个企业如果把能赚到钱作为终极目标",[498,913,914],{},"就会认为蒙钱也是行的",[498,916,917],{},"所以也就没有是非了",[498,919,920],{},"然而蒙着蒙着",[498,922,923],{},"最后就垮了",[498,925,926],{},"很多企业垮了都不知道是什么原因垮的",[498,928,929],{},"这样做企业有点像小偷",[498,931,932],{},"被抓到了只会觉得偷技不够好",[498,934,935],{},"如果这样想",[498,937,938],{},"那下回偷的时候会更精",[498,940,941],{},"会偷得更大",[498,943,944],{},"被抓起来后也会判罪更重",[498,946,947],{},"这不就是永远总结不出错误的原因来了吗？如果终于总结出来偷东西不对,哪怕偷技再高也从此不偷了",[498,949,950],{},"才表明悟对了",[503,952,953],{},"那些偷技很高的人肯定是很聪明的，如果把聪明用到做正道的事情上，30年以后肯定也很厉害，所以这是一个很大的道理，这种大道理愿意听的人很少。",[503,955,956,957,960,961,580,964,967],{},"当然了，有成就的人本来就比较少。但是，总会有人去想这个东西，总会有人想得很长远。",[498,958,959],{},"我们做的每一件事情都跟我们20年以后","、",[498,962,963],{},"30年以后有关联",[498,965,966],{},"想得长远些肯定会不一样啊","。比方说你喜欢教书，那你肯定会成为一个很好的老师，因为你喜欢，你享受，那么你就会想尽各种各样的方法让学生明白你教的东西，想办法让学生将来有用处，而不是让他们只是考好试，出了学校就不管了，如果只是这样，将来学生也不会感激你。",[503,969,970,513,973,513,976,513,979,513,982,580,985,513,988,960,991,960,994,960,997,513,1000,513,1003,960,1006,580],{},[498,971,972],{},"大学那么多年",[498,974,975],{},"我记得最深的是黄恭宽老师跟我讲的那句话：“任何一个人",[498,977,978],{},"他最后选择职业的时候",[498,980,981],{},"如果想得很长远的话",[498,983,984],{},"他就会有所差异",[498,986,987],{},"”这个很大的差异你不知道在哪一刻会对你有所决定",[498,989,990],{},"包括在选专业的时候",[498,992,993],{},"在选学校的时候",[498,995,996],{},"在选工作的时候",[498,998,999],{},"在选工作地点的时候",[498,1001,1002],{},"当然也包括在选择男女朋友的时候",[498,1004,1005],{},"就得想这个人能不能长久地相处",[498,1007,1008],{},"能不能够结婚",[503,1010,1011],{},[498,1012,1013],{},"问：在读书时有没有感到特别遗憾的事？",[503,1015,1016],{},"**大道：**没什么特别遗憾的事。那时候条件比较差一点，电脑刚出现还没普及。我们上大学的时候还没有PC，学的还是大型计算机。我们学的语言是FORTRAN，我先学的是BASIC，BASIC我觉得很好学，因为它是直白的东西，后来又学了FORTRAN，学的是一头雾水，又没有练习，计算机就上过一堂课，可能也就45分钟，还没搞明白怎么回事就下课了，下课后没法碰到计算机，所以我对计算机一直都很陌生。这对那个时候的我们也谈不上是遗憾，因为人总是处在某个年代。再过30年，你们会发现原来学过的东西又不行了，也不用30年，按照现在这个知识更新的速度，5年就够了。",[503,1018,1019,513,1022,513,1025,513,1028,513,1031,580,1034,513,1037,513,1042,513,1046,513,1049,513,1052,580,1055,513,1058,580,1061,513,1064,580],{},[498,1020,1021],{},"所以",[498,1023,1024],{},"在学校里",[498,1026,1027],{},"最重要的不是你学到的知识",[498,1029,1030],{},"而是你掌握的学习方法和人生感悟",[498,1032,1033],{},"包括我刚才讲到的那些道理",[498,1035,1036],{},"比如",[498,1038,1039,1040],{},"你要",[510,1041,15],{"href":512},[498,1043,1044],{},[510,1045,19],{"href":516},[498,1047,1048],{},"这个比什么都重要",[498,1050,1051],{},"包括要享受整个过程",[498,1053,1054],{},"而不只是追求某个结果",[498,1056,1057],{},"结果当然重要",[498,1059,1060],{},"但是结果没有你想象的那么重要",[498,1062,1063],{},"关键是要找到自己享受的事情",[498,1065,1066],{},"这个对于学生来讲还是很重要的",[503,1068,1069,1070,1073,1074,513,1077,1080],{},"我当年一直在想：是天之骄子了，应该很开心，应该觉得自己很了不起，但怎么一点乐趣都没有呢？为什么还老觉得整天都闷闷不乐呢？也不知道整天在忙什么，也想不起来想要看的书，作业也经常晚交，但是我从来不抄作业。",[498,1071,1072],{},"我会对照我的思考过程和别人的思考过程","。那时教材比较糟糕，也没有标准答案，我们做了习题，都不知道对错。",[498,1075,1076],{},"思考过程给我带来了乐趣",[498,1078,1079],{},"还带给我让自己满意的成绩","。像量子物理，现在不记得具体知识点了，但是一些大逻辑的东西还是记得的，比如熵定律。当时有人说要发明永动机，我第一直觉就是绝对不信，因为一直转不可能啊，不符合熵定律的，要这样的话这个世界就乱了。",[503,1082,1083,513,1086,513,1089,513,1092,513,1095,580,1098,513,1101,513,1104,513,1107,580],{},[498,1084,1085],{},"我感兴趣的东西是非常少的",[498,1087,1088],{},"我做企业也好",[498,1090,1091],{},"做投资也好",[498,1093,1094],{},"做很多事情都有个特点",[498,1096,1097],{},"就是专注",[498,1099,1100],{},"专注可以排掉杂音",[498,1102,1103],{},"排掉杂音以后还有个很重要的前提就是信念",[498,1105,1106],{},"就是要相信一些东西",[498,1108,1109],{},"坚持走下去",[503,1111,1112,1113,513,1116,513,1119,513,1122,513,1125,513,1128,580],{},"在学校里建立起的这些东西对我这一辈子影响非常大。我所领悟到的道理不一定是跟老师学的，老师基本上就是教课，能教这些东西的较少。据说现在学生要想见老师有点难了，因为学校太大了，人也太多了。",[498,1114,1115],{},"当然了",[498,1117,1118],{},"在学校学习",[498,1120,1121],{},"最重要的还是在于你自己",[498,1123,1124],{},"在于跟同学交流",[498,1126,1127],{},"也在于跟老师的交流",[498,1129,1130],{},"以及与所有人的交往",[503,1132,1133],{},[498,1134,1135],{},"问：您为什么想到要捐款？",[503,1137,1138],{},"**大道：**赚钱多的人要承担更多的社会责任，钱多了对自己的用处也不大。母校毕竟我待过，对它有感情，觉得给它比较放心。当年的浙大老师都还在，还有同学在，我觉得他们应该不会乱花。",[503,1140,1141],{},"总体来讲，我觉得他们还蛮好的，尤其是我们后来建的那个平安基金，运作得相当好。在信电系建这个基金我是挺赞同的，最早提出的是杨冬晓，他是我同学，当年也是我比较好的朋友。考研的时候，我们两个一块在学校复习，然后他考了我没考。他读书成绩是比较好的，在我们同班同学里他算最小的，我比他大三岁，他确实是读书比较钻研的人，也有可能是比较小，所以他也没有别的想法，反正就是爱上进、要读书，他也是比较腼腆的一个人。",[503,1143,1144],{},"（某同学们插话:“他现在上课是很生动的，还获得了永平奖教金，我们都喜欢上他的课。”）",[503,1146,1147],{},"**大道：**已经生动了啊？那他进步了，真是祝贺他！我说的是那个时候，现在30多年过去了，人肯定是会改变的。他管的平安基金，我觉得特别有系统，每一分钱花在哪儿都有章可循，并且用得很得体，因为还要帮老师保密，谁用了这个钱是不好公开出来的，只能很有限的几个人知道。",[503,1149,1150],{},"杨冬晓首提平安基金，说有些老师年纪大退休了，虽然有国家医疗保险，但是要用比较好、比较贵的药，国家不一定会给报销，他们自己又负担不起，如果有这么一个基金可以帮他们就好了。我说那我们就搞一个吧，就搞了这么一个平安基金。当然平安基金还可包括其他一些开支，比如支持退休老师们搞活动。就是让这些老师，尤其是退休的老师开心一点。现在的退休老师很多都是我们当年的老师，以后的老师也都能享受这个基金的好处了。杨冬晓管得好的原因就是他管得比较细，很明确。有些钱出去了以后虽然我跟不到，搞不清楚，但我总体相信浙大。",[503,1152,1153],{},[498,1154,1155],{},"问：当时这个平安基金除了退休的老师，您还加了三分部的卢医生？",[503,1157,1158],{},"**大道：**因为卢医生当年就是我们的医生。我们那个时候医务室有两个医生，我只记得卢医生。那个时候生个病，无依无靠的，离家又远，不像现在你还可以打个电话，那个时候打个电话可费劲了，一看医生态度好，“安慰”很大。我觉得卢医生对学生挺好的，卢医生应该也被加上。",[503,1160,1161],{},[498,1162,1163],{},"问：平安基金是您倡议的吗？",[503,1165,1166],{},"**大道：**其实也不是我倡议的，我只是支持。我给平安基金许下了承诺，就是别人捐多少我就配多少，最后总共大概是60万美元或者是600万元人民币我不记得了。反正基金运行也不错，当时大家说过的话也都一直都在起作用。没有遇到过什么困难。",[503,1168,1169],{},[498,1170,1171],{},"问：您所在的班级捐赠很积极，是不是受到了您的影响？",[503,1173,1174],{},"**大道：**没有人给我说过有这个效应，我也不知道我们班里捐了多少。我只知道我们班里面有些人捐款挺积极。我们公司系统的几个人，我有时也劝他们捐点，反正他们也有实力，所以就跟着一块捐了。陈明永也捐了，蒋晓兰、陈智勇也捐了。但是这个东西无所谓钱多钱少，哪怕象征性地捐一点。",[503,1176,1177],{},[498,1178,1179],{},"问：您认为，校友除了捐赠以外，还有什么能为母校母系做的事情？",[503,1181,1182,1183,513,1186,960,1189,580,1192,513,1195,513,1198,1201,1202,513,1205,580],{},"**大道：**每个人的情况都不一样，要看每个人的具体情况了。但是我认为这不是一个必要的东西，只要认为与母校有联系、有必要，就做。学生毕业离开学校后，其实和学校就没有太大的关系了。",[498,1184,1185],{},"与母校的感情产生关系的",[498,1187,1188],{},"是那些人",[498,1190,1191],{},"那些地方",[498,1193,1194],{},"如果回去都找不到原来能够联系的东西",[498,1196,1197],{},"原来的东西都不在了",[498,1199,1200],{},"我们就无法产生什么感情","。我现在回去还能见到杨冬晓。杨冬晓和我讲的时候，我就会很认真地听，因为有关联的东西在里头。",[498,1203,1204],{},"所以一个人能为母校母系做啥",[498,1206,1207],{},"完全取决于这些东西",[503,1209,1210,1211,513,1214,513,1217,580],{},"我们之间的师生关系还是蛮好的。周建华老师在我们毕业以后还来看过我们，不是因为你有钱了他来看你。那时候大家还是穷学生，他来北京出差，就把同学叫过来见见面，这不就是联络感情了嘛。这东西并不是谁欠谁的，他也不欠我，我也不欠他。给你举个例子吧，有一次北方某个校友会的人找到我，希望我能给他们捐钱。我说你知道我是谁吗？当然那时候公司已经蛮有名了。我问他：你除了知道我有钱以外，你还知道啥？他啥都不知道。他不知道我哪个系毕业的，也不知道我学什么，他只知道我有钱。",[498,1212,1213],{},"所以能为母校母系做什么",[498,1215,1216],{},"取决于和母校母系的联系",[498,1218,1219],{},"纯粹属于感情和缘分的东西",[503,1221,1222],{},[498,1223,1224],{},"问：您对大学生创业有什么看法？",[503,1226,1227,1228,513,1231,1234],{},"**大道：**我从来没鼓励过在读大学生创业，甚至不鼓励创业。为什么呢，因为你需要创业的时候，你必然会去创，这是一个水到渠成的过程，不要为创业而去创。你说你有一个很好的想法，别人都很喜欢，所以你要把它变成一个企业，变成一个公司。",[498,1229,1230],{},"但是如果只是为了当一个老板而去创业",[498,1232,1233],{},"那多半都会很惨","。你可以往回看，大学生创业不是现在的事情了，好多年前就有。那时候创业的大学生现在能有几个好的？我不反对大学期间去做一些生意，建立一些创业观念，但是不能把这个作为一个目标。",[503,1236,1237,513,1240,580,1243,513,1246,513,1249,580,1252,513,1255,580,1258,513,1261,580],{},[498,1238,1239],{},"苹果公司的CEO Tim Cook在某所高校做了一个毕业典礼的演讲",[498,1241,1242],{},"就是说你要找到自己的北斗星",[498,1244,1245],{},"你要知道什么是对的事情",[498,1247,1248],{},"然后你要一直朝那个方向走",[498,1250,1251],{},"那么几十年之后会有好的结果",[498,1253,1254],{},"这个东西不一定要毕业的时候想",[498,1256,1257],{},"上学的时候就可以去想了",[498,1259,1260],{},"只要心里真有想法",[498,1262,1263],{},"暂时失利或者错一步两步也是没关系的",[503,1265,1266,513,1269,513,1272,580,1275,580,1278,513,1281,513,1284,580,1287,513,1292,580],{},[498,1267,1268],{},"《功夫熊猫》你们一定都看过",[498,1270,1271],{},"第二部说的就是你不一定会有一个好的开始",[498,1273,1274],{},"但是决定未来的不是你的开始",[498,1276,1277],{},"我对这句话蛮有感触的",[498,1279,1280],{},"创业这个东西呢",[498,1282,1283],{},"该创的时候就去创",[498,1285,1286],{},"不要以为只要是大学生就该去创业",[498,1288,1289,1290],{},"我们需要",[510,1291,15],{"href":512},[498,1293,1294],{},[510,1295,19],{"href":516},[503,1297,1298,1300],{},[510,1299,19],{"href":516},"需要许多技能，但技能这个东西呢，学校里并不全教你，只是教你一部分，比方说学习方法。然后你得有好的成绩，到社会上别人看你成绩不错，就会放心让你去做某件事情，即使你不会，只要你去做了，能力就提高了。所以在学校里学习成绩不能太糟糕，人家一看成绩这么糟糕，第一印象就是这个人一定没有纪律性。如果你的成绩还可以，又有一个特长，比方说围棋下得特别好，乒乓球打得特别好，那么人家就会觉得这个人还是有毅力的，虽然成绩中等，但还是有两下子的。如果你是一个肯学习又会学习的人，那么三五年之后就厉害了。如果你啥都不行，人家怎么会用你？不用你你不就永远都没有机会了吗？端盘子还需要有水平呢，一般人端两下可能就倒了，能端得那么平衡就很不容易。当然,不能被专长所束缚。比如说，喜欢弹钢琴，不是说弹不到朗朗的水平就不好了，只要是想弹，很享受弹琴的过程就好了。如果你不是很享受，又想通过弹钢琴赚钱。那么日子会过得不容易。",[503,1302,1303,1304,1307,1308,1311],{},"沃伦·",[498,1305,1306],{},"巴菲特","的一家子公司，每年开股东大会的时候，第二天他会邀请一帮人和他一起吃顿饭。我记得有一回和我同一桌的有一女的，大概四五十岁的样子。我想被老巴叫过去的人，总是有点特长的。我就问她常来吗，她说她第一次来，是个瑜伽老师，她就喜欢瑜伽。我问她为什么来，她说她父亲是老巴最早的股东，现在她父亲过世了，那么她就来了。她继承了她父亲的遗产，但是她依然还是瑜伽老师。一个瑜伽老师也没多少收入，但她就非常享受。能和老巴吃饭的人，身价都不菲，如",[498,1309,1310],{},"比尔·盖茨","、芝加哥大学的校长等。",[503,1313,1314],{},"我不是说教钢琴不好，但是如果沉溺于某个技能的话就不好了，这也是我以前在想的。我绝对不能去当一个出租车司机，这样会整天开车，没时间去想别的事情。我也不做餐厅,因为餐厅要买菜啊，要这个要那个，当然能做成麦当劳那样也很好。",[503,1316,1317,513,1320,513,1323,513,1326,580,1329,513,1332,513,1335,580],{},[498,1318,1319],{},"所以你需要有一个“不为清单”",[498,1321,1322],{},"你应该早早地列一个这样的清单",[498,1324,1325],{},"碰到所列的事情就要把它排除掉",[498,1327,1328],{},"这样你才能聚焦在你想做的事情上",[498,1330,1331],{},"做喜欢的事呢",[498,1333,1334],{},"你就会很享受",[498,1336,1337],{},"就会很努力",[503,1339,1340,1341,513,1344,513,1347,1350,1351,513,1354,513,1357,580],{},"在我们那个年代，没有太多的选择，既然到了那个地方，那你就喜欢你做的事情吧，不然不就是和自己过不去吗？这会有两种结果：",[498,1342,1343],{},"一种是你确实发现自己很喜欢",[498,1345,1346],{},"那你就享受它了；另一种是你发现你确实不喜欢",[498,1348,1349],{},"那么你就需要做出改变","。我看有的人做不喜欢的事情，但一干就是二三十年，我觉得这些人属于想不开的那种，属于害怕改变的那种。我可以举个简单的例子，当年我刚去广东工作的时候，那时候有个公司叫星河音响，现在那个公司在不在我不知道了。那一个小的民营企业，那一年招了50个研究生，100个本科生，一个小企业哪能容得下那么多人。我在那里待了几个月就跑了，我觉得这是我不应该继续做的事情了，我需要做出改变。",[498,1352,1353],{},"我不知道接下来能不能找到自己喜欢做的事情",[498,1355,1356],{},"但我一定要先走",[498,1358,1359],{},"所以我就到了小霸王",[503,1361,1362,1363,1366,1367,1369,1370,1373],{},"那时候大家天天见面，天天一起打游戏。有个同事从澳门买了一台",[498,1364,1365],{},"任天堂","的游戏机借给我们玩了几天。我对",[498,1368,1365],{},"游戏是有感情的。我一玩游戏状态就好，所以我真正起家是从游戏开始的。有意思的是，这家公司大家都想离开（指星河），我走了两年以后，",[498,1371,1372],{},"小霸王","都全国闻名了，然后我回去过一趟，发现当年说要走的人并没真的走。我说你们这些人脑子坏了吗，两年前都说要走了怎么到现在还没走？他们说没有找到合适的地方。",[503,1375,1376,513,1379,580,1382,513,1385,580,1388,580,1391,513,1394,580],{},[498,1377,1378],{},"所以错的事情要尽快停止",[498,1380,1381],{},"停止了不管要付出多大的代价都是最小的代价",[498,1383,1384],{},"一发现这是不对的事情",[498,1386,1387],{},"你就要马上停手",[498,1389,1390],{},"我觉得很多人做不到这点",[498,1392,1393],{},"大多数人做不到",[498,1395,1396],{},"但是做到的人往往就会做得不错",[503,1398,1399],{},[498,1400,1401],{},"问：如果一件事情谈不上喜欢，也谈不上厌恶，那还要坚持下去吗？",[503,1403,1404,1405,513,1408,513,1411,580,1414,513,1417,580],{},"**大道：**这完全取决于你自己。说要去找喜欢的事情可一辈子都找不到，那可能就是你的问题了，因为这说明没有什么事情是你能坚持下来的。不管你做喜欢的事情也好，不喜欢的事情也好，中间都会有很多很多的困难。",[498,1406,1407],{},"为什么做喜欢的事情能做好呢？因为你能扛过去",[498,1409,1410],{},"但是对于不喜欢的事情",[498,1412,1413],{},"可能就放弃了",[498,1415,1416],{},"如果所有的事情都选择放弃",[498,1418,1419],{},"那就是你的问题了",[503,1421,1422,513,1425,580,1428,513,1431,1434],{},[498,1423,1424],{},"找不到喜欢的事情很悲哀",[498,1426,1427],{},"实际上大部分人都是这样",[498,1429,1430],{},"如果你碰到这种情况",[498,1432,1433],{},"也不要责怪自己","。但是有些人能找到，比如说你很享受家庭生活，那就找一份不太忙的工作，每天回家带带孩子，做做家务。",[503,1436,1437,513,1440,513,1443,580,1446,513,1449,513,1452,513,1455,580,1458,513,1461,513,1464,513,1467,580],{},[498,1438,1439],{},"所谓成功",[498,1441,1442],{},"不是说要多有钱",[498,1444,1445],{},"要有多少人围着你采访",[498,1447,1448],{},"我已经很久没接受媒体采访了",[498,1450,1451],{},"你现在媒体上看到关于我的东西很多都是别人编的",[498,1453,1454],{},"这些材料千篇一律",[498,1456,1457],{},"都是10多年前的旧材料",[498,1459,1460],{},"这两年我们公司的手机起来了",[498,1462,1463],{},"所以关于我的报道可能会多一些",[498,1465,1466],{},"但那些都是东抄西抄的",[498,1468,1469],{},"都跟我没关系",[503,1471,1472],{},[498,1473,1474],{},"问：不懂不碰？在生活中也是这样吗？",[503,1476,1477,1494,1495,1493,1498,513,1501,513,1504,513,1507,513,1510,1513,1514,1517,1518,1520],{},[498,1478,1479,1480,1493],{},"大道：",[498,1481,1482,1483,513,1486,513,1489,1492],{},"生活这个东西，关键看你享受什么。",[498,1484,1485],{},"不懂的东西你可以去尝试",[498,1487,1488],{},"但不能拿生命去尝试",[498,1490,1491],{},"投资也是一样","。比方说滑雪，如果你不会滑雪，跑到最高的地方扎下去，撞树了怪谁？如果你喜欢，得一点点来，一点点提高，得要清楚风险在哪儿，乐趣在哪儿。有人说他一生做了很多冒险的事情，比方说把钱都投给了","苹果","。我说冒险的事情不应该做。赌场里100万元一放，想要变成200万元，那下一把就没了。",[498,1496,1497],{},"我投",[498,1499,1500],{},"是因为我了解",[498,1502,1503],{},"我知道他强在哪里",[498,1505,1506],{},"知道它3年",[498,1508,1509],{},"5年",[498,1511,1512],{},"20年之后还是强在哪里","。我也了解",[498,1515,1516],{},"谷歌","，所以我有点",[498,1519,1516],{},"的股票很正常。",[503,1522,1523],{},[498,1524,1525],{},"问：我有好多人生观的道理不能完全想通，就很纠结，能否帮我理一下思路？",[503,1527,1528,513,1541,580,1544,513,1547,580],{},[498,1529,1479,1530,1538,1540],{},[498,1531,1532,1533,513],{},"这是一个年龄过程。",[498,1534,1535,1536],{},"我看到这个“",[510,1537,15],{"href":512},[510,1539,19],{"href":516},"”的道理是在大三的时候",[498,1542,1543],{},"但是我真的搞明白或许是20年之后",[498,1545,1546],{},"就算你被我点醒了",[498,1548,1549],{},"你可能得花个5年或10年时间去理解",[503,1551,1552,1553,1555,1556,1559,1560,1562,1563,1565,1566,1568],{},"我跟别人讲投资的时候，告诉他们买公司股票要看公司的未来。如果现在问我股票哪只好，那我干脆把我口袋里的钱给你算了。",[498,1554,1365],{},"这个公司当时市值比",[498,1557,1558],{},"网易","还低，但我觉得这个公司以后能挣钱，我就买了，甚至我都没认真看它的业绩。你看",[498,1561,1365],{},"有一次涨了一个多礼拜，你能理解吗？你不能理解。你会买吗？也不会买，因为你坐不住啊，明天涨了五块钱你就卖了。当初我买",[498,1564,1558],{},"的时候，别人不明白我为什么要买",[498,1567,1558],{},"。我自己是做游戏出身的，我知道它的市场有多大。当时买的时候一块多钱，现在200多元。当然我没拿那么久，我赚了大概一百三四十倍。",[503,1570,1571,1572,513,1575,580,1578,513,1581,513,1584,1587],{},"你如果不了解你买的东西，你不可能拿到一百倍，能拿到一倍就不错了。这个东西从哪儿学来？",[498,1573,1574],{},"首先学校不教这个东西",[498,1576,1577],{},"到了一定年龄你就会慢慢去感悟",[498,1579,1580],{},"有所为有所不为",[498,1582,1583],{},"这是道教几千年的东西了",[498,1585,1586],{},"就是聚焦啊","。现在提倡多元化，我们公司就蛮聚焦的，就算时间长了会有发散，大家说你又走偏了，你可以马上又回来。",[503,1589,1590,960,1596,580,1601,513,1611,513,1616,513,1619,580,1622,513,1625,580],{},[498,1591,1592,1593],{},"我们提倡",[510,1594,5],{"href":1595},"\u002Fbenfen",[498,1597,1598],{},[510,1599,11],{"href":1600},"\u002Fpingchangxin",[498,1602,1603,1605,1606,1608,1609],{},[510,1604,5],{"href":1595},"就是要",[510,1607,15],{"href":512},"和",[510,1610,19],{"href":516},[498,1612,1613,1615],{},[510,1614,11],{"href":1600},"就是想我们当年为什么要做这个",[498,1617,1618],{},"我们有没有走偏？我们要问自己：到底在干什么？所以要一直想这是不是件对的事情",[498,1620,1621],{},"而不是去想是不是有利益的",[498,1623,1624],{},"对的事情就要做下去",[498,1626,1627],{},"不对的事情就要赶紧停下来",[503,1629,1630],{},[498,1631,1632],{},"问15：您对大学生有什么寄语？",[503,1634,1635],{},"**大道：**就像我之前说的，找到你的北斗星，你们可以去找找Tim Cook的演讲，我忘了标题是什么。我自己给他起的标题是：找到你的北斗星。",[503,1637,1638,1639,960,1642,513,1645,960,1648,513,1651,513,1656,1659],{},"别人都问我有什么技能，我从来不讲技能，因为技能这个东西都是要自己学。比方说打高尔夫，我会告诉你打高尔夫的体会。",[498,1640,1641],{},"一杆打得远",[498,1643,1644],{},"打得近都没关系",[498,1646,1647],{},"一杆打得好",[498,1649,1650],{},"打得差也没关系",[498,1652,1653,1654],{},"要有",[510,1655,11],{"href":1600},[498,1657,1658],{},"一杆一杆地打","。很多人上一杆打糟了，下一杆就想打好一点、打远一点，想把它弥补回来。",[503,1661,1662],{},"有的人做生意不顺，想下一单夺回来，所以冒更大的风险，然后又砸了，很多人都是这样将企业做死的。",[503,1664,1665],{},"【本文完】",{"title":1667,"searchDepth":13,"depth":13,"links":1668},"",[],"段永平回忆浙大岁月，阐述做对的事情哲学、北极星概念及人生选择建议。","md",{},true,"\u002Fdao\u002Fspeeches\u002Fduanyongping-2016nianzheda60zhounianzhuanfang",{"title":276,"description":1669},"2016年浙大60周年专访｜段永平投资问答录","dao\u002Fspeeches\u002Fduanyongping-2016nianzheda60zhounianzhuanfang","Q8r338oaXPrSH9cdHAZG_n2z-m9TVb1mwr_6q_hjCJU","dao",1781666332638]